Bloodlands: Europe Between Hitler and Stalin is a book by Yale historian Timothy D. Snyder that was first published by Basic Books on 28 October It is about mass murders committed during World War II in territories controlled by Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union.. In this book, Snyder examines the political, cultural, and ideological context tied to a specific region of Central and Oct 30, · Totalitarianism Definition. Often regarded as the most extreme form of authoritarianism, totalitarianism is generally identified by dictatorial centralized rule dedicated to controlling all public and private aspects of individual life, to the benefit of the state, through coercion, intimidation, and repression May 19, · But both Hitler and Stalin were outdone by Mao Zedong. From to , his Great Leap Forward policy led to the deaths of up to 45 million people – easily making it the biggest episode of mass murder ever recorded. The great difference then is that Marxism is a philosophic ideology that goes beyond simple commune living and explain the
The Political Compass
The political views of Adolf Hitler have presented historians and biographers with some difficulty. His writings and methods were often adapted to need and circumstance, although there were some steady themes, including antisemitismanti-communismanti-parliamentarianismGerman Lebensraum "living space"belief in the superiority of an " Aryan race " and an extreme form of German nationalism. Hitler personally claimed he was fighting against " Jewish Marxism ".
Adolf Hitler 's political views were formed during three periods, namely 1 his years as a poverty-stricken young man in Vienna and Munich prior to World War Iduring which he turned to nationalist-oriented political pamphlets and antisemitic newspapers out of distrust for mainstream newspapers and political parties; 2 the closing months of World War I when Germany lost the war, as Hitler is said to have developed his extreme nationalism during this time, desiring to "save" Germany from both external and internal "enemies" who in his view betrayed it; 3 and the s, during which his early political career began and he wrote Mein Kampf.
Hitler formally renounced his Austrian citizenship on 7 Aprilbut did not acquire German citizenship until almost seven years later in ; thereby allowing him to run for public office, hitler ideology vs stalin. So important were Hitler's views that they immediately affected the political policies of Nazi Germany.
He asserted the Führerprinzip "leader principle". The principle relied on absolute obedience of all subordinates to their superiors. Hitler viewed the party structure and later the government structure as a pyramid, with himself—the infallible leader—at the apex. Hitler firmly believed that the force of "will" was decisive in determining the political course for a nation and rationalized his actions accordingly.
Given that Hitler was appointed "leader of the German Reich for life", he "embodied the supreme power of the state and, as the delegate of the German people", it was his role to determine the "outward form and structure of the Reich". During World War IHitler was temporarily blinded in a mustard gas attack on 15 October for which he was hospitalised in Pasewalk. By his own account—upon receiving this news, hitler ideology vs stalin, he suffered a second bout of blindness.
my own fate became known to me decided to go into politics. In December he was reassigned to a Prisoner of War camp in Traunstein as a guard. Returning to Munich, Hitler spent a few months in barracks waiting for reassignment, hitler ideology vs stalin. During this time Munich was a part of the People's State of Bavariawhich was still in a state of chaos with a number of assassinations occurring including that of socialist Kurt Eisner [d] who was shot dead in Munich by a German nationalist on 21 February On 3 AprilHitler was elected as the liaison of his military battalion and again on 15 April.
During this time he urged his unit to stay out of the fighting and not join either side. General Burghard von Oven and his military forces declared the city secure. In the aftermath of arrests and executions, Hitler denounced a fellow liaison, Georg Dufter, as a Soviet "radical rabble-rouser. In June he was moved to the demobilization office of the 2nd Infantry Regiment.
so that the ignition of any new unrest can be discovered and extinguished. Under Captain Mayr "national thinking" courses were arranged at the Reichswehrlager Lechfeld near Augsburg, [20] with Hitler attending from 10 to 19 July During this time Hitler so impressed Mayr that he assigned him to an anti-bolshevik "educational commando" as 1 of 26 instructors in the summer of These courses he taught helped popularize the notion that there was a scapegoat responsible for the outbreak of war and Germany's defeat.
Hitler's own bitterness over the collapse of the war effort also began to shape his ideology. In JulyHitler was appointed Verbindungsmann intelligence agent of an Aufklärungskommando reconnaissance commando of the Reichswehrboth to influence other soldiers and to infiltrate the German Workers' Party DAP.
Along those lines, Hitler proclaimed that the "German yoke must be broken by German iron" Das deutsche Elend muß durch deutsches Eisen zerbrochen werden. In September Hitler wrote what is often deemed his first antisemitic text, requested by Mayr as a hitler ideology vs stalin to an inquiry by Adolf Gemlich, who had participated in the same "educational courses" as Hitler.
In this report, Hitler ideology vs stalin argued for a "rational anti-Semitism" which would not resort to pogromsbut instead "legally fight and remove the privileges enjoyed by the Jews as opposed to other foreigners living among us.
Its final goal, hitler ideology vs stalin, however, must be the irrevocable removal of the Jews themselves".
Europe has a long history of expelling Jews and the auto-da-fé of the Inquisition. While he studied the activities of the German Workers' Party DAPHitler became impressed with founder Anton Drexler 's antisemiticnationalistanti-capitalist and anti-Marxist ideas.
On the orders of his army superiors, Hitler applied to join the party [33] and within a week was accepted as party member the party began counting membership at to give the impression they were a much larger party. Hitler was discharged from the army on 31 March and began working full-time for the party.
When early party hitler ideology vs stalin promulgated their point manifesto on 24 February co-authored by Hitler, Anton Drexler, Gottfried Feder and Dietrich Eckartit was Hitler who penned the first point, revealing his intention to unify German-speaking peoples, claiming that the party demanded "all Germans be gathered together in a Greater Germany on the basis of the right of all peoples to self-determination".
Under his influence, the party adopted a modified swastikaa well-known good luck charm that hitler ideology vs stalin previously been used in Germany as a mark of volkishness and " Aryanism ", along with the Roman salute used by Italian fascists.
While Hitler and Eckart were on a fundraising trip to Berlin in Junehitler ideology vs stalin, a mutiny broke out within the Nazi Party in Munich. Members of its executive committee wanted to merge with the rival German Socialist Party DSP, hitler ideology vs stalin.
The committee members realised that the resignation of their leading public figure and speaker would mean the end of the party. Hitler asserted the Führerprinzip "leader principle". The principle relied on absolute obedience of all subordinates to their superiors as he viewed the party structure and later the government structure as a pyramid, with himself—the infallible leader—at the apex.
Rank in the party was not determined by elections—positions were filled through appointment by those of higher rank, who demanded unquestioning obedience to the will of the leader.
Early followers of the party included Rudolf HessHermann Göring command of the Sturmabteilung SA as Oberster SA-Führer in[47] Ernst Röhm later head of the SAAlfred Rosenberg prominent racial theoristGregor StrasserDietrich Eckart a key founder of the partyHermann EsserLudwig Maximilian Erwin von Scheubner-Richter and Erich Ludendorff Field-Marshal who was the party's candidate for President of the Republic hitler ideology vs stalin Hitler enlisted the help of World War I General Erich Ludendorff to try to seize power in Munich the capital of Bavaria in an attempt later known as the Beer Hall Putsch of 8—9 November On 8 November, Hitler's forces initially succeeded in occupying the local Reichswehr and police headquarters; however, neither the army nor the state police joined forces with him.
Hitler wanted to emulate Benito Mussolini 's " March on Rome " by staging his hitler ideology vs stalin coup in Bavaria to be followed by a challenge to the government in Berlin, hitler ideology vs stalin.
However, the Bavarian authorities ordered the police to stand their ground. The putschists were dispersed after a short firefight in the streets near the Feldherrnhalle. Hitler fled to the home of Ernst Hanfstaengl and by some accounts contemplated suicide, although this state of mind has been disputed.
Beginning in FebruaryHitler was tried for high treason before the special People's Court in Munich. At one point during the trial, Hitler discussed political leadership, during which he stated that leading people was not a matter of political science Staatswissenschaft but an innate ability, one of statecraft Staatskunst.
Continuing, he declared that it was not Karl Marx who stirred the masses and ignited the Russian Revolution but Vladimir Leninnot making his appeal to the mind but to the senses.
In Aprilhe was sentenced to five years' imprisonment in Landsberg Prisonwhere he received preferential treatment from sympathetic guards and received substantial quantities of fan mail, including funds and other forms of assistance. During and at Landsberg, he dictated the first volume of Mein Kampf My Struggle to his deputy Rudolf Hess.
The book, dedicated to Thule Society member Dietrich Eckarthitler ideology vs stalin, was an autobiography and exposition of his ideology. In Mein KampfHitler speaks at length about his youth, his early days in the Nazi Party and general ideas on politics, including the transformation of German society into one based on racewith some passages implying genocide.
InHitler's first year in office, 1, hitler ideology vs stalin, copies were sold. It states that during his childhood, Hitler had little interest in politics as he had ambitions to become a painter. Like other boys in his part of Austria, he was attracted to pan-Germanismbut his intellectual pursuits were generally those of a dilettante, hitler ideology vs stalin. Hitler portrays himself as a born leader interested in knightly adventures, exploration. By the time he was 11, hitler ideology vs stalin, Hitler was a nationalist interested in history.
Ultimately, hitler ideology vs stalin, Hitler never finished his primary schooling since he quit by the time he was 16, devoting his attention instead to his artistic pursuits which led him to Vienna in While Hitler was incarcerated at the Landsberg prison writing Mein Kampfhe had routine visits from the respected First World War veteran, Major General Dr. Karl Haushoferwho was the chair of the military science and geography department at the University of Munich.
These meetings consisted of lectures and academic briefings on geopolitics, most certainly covering the Nazi ideal of Lebensraum and which likely influenced the views Hitler laid out in Mein Kampf. Influenced by the theories of Haushofer, Hitler ideology vs stalin believed it was Germany's right to seize the cultivatable land in Russia since the earth belonged to those people willing to till it "industriously" as opposed to the slothful, incompetent people unworthy to possess it.
Describing the Russians in the harshest of terms while intimating that the German people were more deserving by virtue of their alleged superior intellect, Hitler stated: "It is criminal to ask an intelligent people to limit its children in order that a lazy and stupid people next door can literally abuse a gigantic surface of the earth".
Many historians contend that Hitler's essential character and political philosophy can be discovered in Mein Kampf. Historian James Joll once claimed that Mein Kampf constituted "all of Hitler's beliefs, hitler ideology vs stalin, most of his programme and much of his character".
In his infamous tome, Hitler categorized human beings by their physical attributes, claiming German or Nordic Aryans were at the top of the hierarchy while assigning the bottom orders to Jews and Romani. Hitler claimed that hitler ideology vs stalin people benefit by learning from superior Aryans and said the Jews were conspiring to keep this " master race " from rightfully ruling the world by diluting its racial and cultural purity and exhorting Aryans to believe in equality rather than superiority and inferiority.
Within Mein KampfHitler describes a struggle for world domination, an ongoing racial, cultural and political battle between Aryans and Jews, the necessary racial purification of the German people and the need for German imperial expansion and colonisation eastwards.
This was a key idea he made central in his foreign policy. He said his aim was to eradicate both from Germany and moreover stressed his intention to unite all Germans in the process of destroying them. Hitler was a pan-Germanic nationalist whose ideology was built around a philosophically authoritarianhitler ideology vs stalin, anti-Marxistantisemitic and anti-democratic worldview.
When he re-emerged upon release from Landsberg Prison, his importance to the movement was obvious and he came to believe that he was the realization of völkisch nationalistic ideals in a sort of near messianic narcissism which included his conviction to shake off the restrictive Treaty of Versailles and to "restore Hitler ideology vs stalin might and power", creating a reborn German nation as the chosen leader of the Nazi Party.
The völkisch nationalism of Hitler and Nazis encompassed the notion that the German Volk was epitomized by German farmers and peasants, people who remained uncorrupted by modern ideals and whose greatest attribute was their "cheerful subservience" and their capacity to respond to their "monarchical calling". Völkisch nationalism also forged into its ideals, the importance of nature, the centrality of a knightly savior Hitler in this case and the belief in the superior Aryan. Hitler and the Nazis promoted a socially conservative view concerning many aspects of life, supported by harsh discipline and a militaristic point of view.
Evidence of Hitler's disdain for Weimar's cultural and social decadence appears on multiple occasions in Mein Kampf. In his seminal tome, he expresses an ultraconservatism :. If we study the course of our cultural life during the last twenty-five years we shall be astonished to note how far we have already gone in this process of retrogression.
Everywhere we find the presence of those germs which give rise to protuberant growths that must sooner or later bring about the ruin of our culture, hitler ideology vs stalin. Here we find undoubted symptoms of slow corruption; hitler ideology vs stalin woe to the nations that are no longer able to bring that morbid process to a halt.
Hitler raved against what he considered to be tasteless and morally destructive art on display throughout Germany in Mein Kampf hitler ideology vs stalin, calling some of it morbid and declaring that "people would have benefited by not visiting them at all".
Once the exhibit was at an end, selected artists' works were banned from Nazi Germany. Well known was Hitler's vehement opposition to racial-mixing. He was also a natalist as he believed as did other pan-Germans that Germans had an obligation to procreate:. That such a mentality [racial purity] may hitler ideology vs stalin possible cannot be denied in a hitler ideology vs stalin where hundreds and thousands accept the principle of celibacy from their own choice, without being obliged or pledged to do so by anything except an ecclesiastical precept, hitler ideology vs stalin.
Why should it not be possible to induce people to make this sacrifice if, instead of such a precept, hitler ideology vs stalin, they were simply told that they ought to put an end to this truly original sin of racial corruption which is steadily being passed on from one generation to another.
And, further, they ought to be brought to realize that it is their bounden duty to give to the Almighty Creator beings such as He himself made to His own image. Another area of concern for Hitler and which was mentioned by his childhood companion in Vienna, August Kubizek, was prostitution.
Hitler associated it with venereal disease and cultural decline. Prostitution is a disgrace to humanity and cannot be removed simply by charitable or academic methods.
Its restriction and final extermination presupposes the removal of a whole series of contributory circumstances. The first remedy must always be to establish such conditions as will make early marriages possible, hitler ideology vs stalin for young men
HSC Modern History: The Nature of Nazi Ideology
, time: 9:21Political views of Adolf Hitler - Wikipedia
Jordan Bernt "Red Skull" Peterson (–) is a Canadian clinical psychologist, currently professor of psychology at the University of Toronto, and Ultracrepidarian par excellence. He has falsely claimed to be both an evolutionary biologist and a neuroscientist but he is neither. He has been regarded as a member of the informal Intellectual Dark Web, which has been described as a gateway into Oct 30, · Totalitarianism Definition. Often regarded as the most extreme form of authoritarianism, totalitarianism is generally identified by dictatorial centralized rule dedicated to controlling all public and private aspects of individual life, to the benefit of the state, through coercion, intimidation, and repression The political views of Adolf Hitler have presented historians and biographers with some difficulty. His writings and methods were often adapted to need and circumstance, although there were some steady themes, including antisemitism, anti-communism, anti-parliamentarianism, German Lebensraum ("living space"), belief in the superiority of an "Aryan race" and an extreme form of German nationalism
No comments:
Post a Comment